CHAPTER 11

Picture 11.1 (Source: grandmotherdelight.com)

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CHAPTER 11

In this chapter you will:

- Read an example of exposition text

- Learn how to write an analytical exposition text

- Write an exposition text

- Work together with your friends

Prereading Activities

Personal Connection

What comes to your mind when you think about global warming? Write it

down and share with your teacher during the discussion.

Genre Connection

Essay is a short literary piece of writing usually representing author's

viewpoint. Aldous Huxley, the famous essayist defines essay as a literary

device for saying everything about almost anything. The word essay is from

an old French word

“essayer“

meaning 'to try' or to attempt doing

something'. Michel de Montaigne was the first person to use the word

'essay' to describe his work. His essays are considered the finest among

their kind. In 18th and 19th century essay became a favored tool of writing,

Edmund Burke and Samuel Taylor Coleridge used essays to educate masses.

Some famous essayists:

- Robert Burton

- Sir Thomas Browne

- Lawrence Sterne

- Andre Gide

- Jean Cocteau

- Winston Churchill

- Isaac Asimov

- Margaret Atwood

- Ralph Waldo Emerson

- Edgar Allan Poe

- T. S. Elliot

- Noam Chomsky

(Encyclopedia Britannica)

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Reading Activity

Global Warming

Is it an end to our world?

The devastating impact of global warming is already evident everywhere

in the world, as also in Indonesia. If warming continues at this rate, can you

imagine what will be the condition of Indonesia 10 to 15 years from now?

There is irrefutable evidence that human activity since the industrial

revolution has changed the atmosphere of our earth and continues doing so. Since

the time we started industrializing, we started polluting; polluting our waters, our

air, releasing greenhouse gases that contribute towards global warming. Human

activity will continue to affect out our earth but we need to make changes before

our earth succumbs to the pressures of global warming and disappears altogether.

According to a research by Greenpeace, there is extensive deforestation

being carried out in Indonesia; half of the tropical rainforests have been

destroyed. We are either bulldozing or burning thousands and thousands of acres

of tropical forests in order to grow crops. Are we growing these crops to feed our

own people? No, these acres and acres of forestland are used to grow crops like

palm oil, palm sugar and

coffee - the lifeline of western

food industries. Forests are

lungs of our earth. Trees store

carbon dioxide and release it

as oxygen. Since there are not

enough trees left to absorb

the huge amounts of carbon

dioxide produced, it disrupts

the natural balance and

contributes towards climatic

c h a n g e s , w h i c h i s a

consequence of global

warming (Green peace report,

2007).

The impact of climatic

c h a n g e i s n o t i c e a b l e

Picture 11.2 (Source: nationalgeographic.com)

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throughout Asia-Pacific by a simple observation. Either there are extremely hot

days or too much rain accompanied by wind and thunderstorm that disrupts the

daily activities. Experts are of the opinion that these changes will continue to

happen more often. Furthermore, the shifting weather patterns have made it

extremely difficult to predict the climate. Scientists have predicted long term

disastrous effect on economy and on the people of Indonesia. More studies have

shown drastic climate change will start in 2020. They are of the opinion that the

random floods or dry season we see in Indonesia now will become a norm in 2020

(Reuters, 2007).

Moreover, experts are of the opinion that rapid onset of the climate

changes will threaten the biodiversity. Due to extreme climates the catches of fish

would decrease as much as 40 % in Indonesia. Research has shown that majority of

people in Indonesia depend on the sea for their livelihood; those people will be

drastically affected, as will be the economy of the country (Green peace report,

2007).

Additionally, shifting weather patterns have made it difficult for farmers

to decide when to plant crops which in turn has led to major crop failures. A recent

study has shown that Indonesia has a loss of 300,000 tons of crop production

every year that is three times the loss in previous decades. It is impossible to say

how this change will affect the long-term viability of palm oil and other

commodities but it will certainly have a disruptive impact (Reuters, 2007).

Eventually global warming will not only affect economy, but it will also

affect the health of people. It is predicted there will be dramatic increase in death

toll. People will die due to floods, extreme heat, heat waves and storms. Due to the

change, the bacteria and viruses will also mutate and a lot of incurable diseases

will be responsible for deaths of millions of people (Science Daily, 2007).

greenhouse gas emitter after

China and USA. The government

of Indonesia recognizes that it is

a huge issue that will affect us if

attention is not paid to it. The

government is making every

possible effort they can to tackle

this issue but we have to do our

part.

Global warming is not a new problem nor is Indonesia solely responsible

for it. But as it is, Indonesia will be among the most vulnerable as it is one of the

Picture 11.3 (Source: nationalgeographic.com)

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Read the questions carefully. Note down your opinions and reactions to the

questions. During the discussion with your teacher and classmates, offer your

personal reaction and understanding of the text.

1. In your opinion, is global warming an imminent world threat? If yes, why?

If no, why not?

2. What action is the Indonesian government taking to address the issue of

global warming? Discuss.

3. What actions are you taking to address the issue of global warming?

Explain.

4. What are the effects of climate change on the nature and society?

Describe.

5. Do you think humans are responsible for causing the world climate

change? Give suitable examples to support your opinion.

6. What do you do in your daily life that would increase global warming?

7. Do you think educating masses on the issue of global warming will help

reduce it? Discuss.

8. How did global warming reach such an extent without us noticing it

sooner? Discuss.

9. Do you think global warming will bring next ice age? Discuss.

Discussion Notes:

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PERSONAL

JOURNAL WRITING

Based on the article on “Global Warming”, try to predict how the world will

change in next 10 years. Write your reflections below.

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An analytical

exposition text

evaluates a topic

critically but focuses

only one side of an

argument.

The argument and point

of view have to be

supported by facts and

relevant information.

The thesis statement

has to be reiterated in

the conclusion.

In your life if you have

ever tried to persuade

anyone on a certain

issue or argued

relentlessly about

something with

someone, then you

have used exposition.

Purpose

The purpose of exposition text is to persuade your audience to look at an

issue with your perspective.

Analytical Exposition Text

Legal Defenses

Examples of exposition text are

Letters

Political Leaflets

Essays

Newspaper articles

Editorials

Speeches/lectures

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An exposition text needs to:

Clearly state the point of view.

Use valid research findings to support your viewpoint.

Defend your viewpoint.

Support the viewpoint with factual data like graphs, pictures, charts.

Support the viewpoint

with factual data like

graphs, pictures, charts.

Introduction:

State the

thesis statement of

your text.

Conclusion:

restatement of the

thesis statement

Title:

Structure of

Exposition

Text:

Title:

· Tells about the topic of the essay

Introduction:

- This is the starting point of exposition essay.

- Here you state the topic and establish the point of view (Thesis statement).

- Introductory statement should be an emotional statement or a question

that is an attention grabber.

- A preview of the points you plan to make to support your thesis

(argument).

Body:

- A series of arguments to convince the audience.

- Each paragraph starts with new argument.

- Each paragraph has a main point, reason for the main point and evidence to

support the main point.

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- Use of emotive words, mental verbs, causal conjunction to persuade the

audience.

- Each paragraph has to be logically linked to the previous paragraph and to

the thesis statement.

Conclusion:

· Reiterate or restate the thesis statement

· Summarize what has been stated.

(Emilia, 2012)

Language Features of an Exposition text:

Use descriptive persuasive words with emotive connotations to emphasize

your viewpoint. These words can either be positive or negative.

Use thesaurus

to find an appropriate word.

For example:

- Instead of using

“bad”

,

USE

appalling, unfavorable, ghastly, terrible .

- Instead of using

“good”

,

USE

fantastic, incredible, momentous,

remarkable.

- Instead of using

“persuading”

,

USE

convincing, urging, enticing, realistic.

- Instead of using

“persuasive”

,

USE

credible, realistic, rational, sane,

coherent.

Use present tense such as

lions live; I eat; cheetahs run.

Use mental verbs

such as

I believe; I prefer; I agree; I doubt; I disagree.

Use saying verbs

to support the argument such as

people say; it is said;

research indicates

, etc.

Use connecting words

to link to arguments so that the flow of argument is

logical and fluent.

Some examples are:

- additionally, furthermore, not only, also, in addition, moreover, like wise

etc.

Use causal conjunction

to indicate cause or reason of what is being stated.

For example:

- because, consequently, despite, due to, for that reason, in case, otherwise,

yet, first, second, etc.

Use words that express the author's attitude

- to qualify or confirm.

For example:

- will, frequently, may, must, usually, typically, habitually, commonly,

doubtless, characteristically, in all probability etc.

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Use persuasive techniques:

- Use generalizations to support viewpoints or arguments. Generalizations

are common beliefs, general statements.

- Use evidence and facts to back up the generalizations like using research,

expert opinion, testimony or quotes.

- Use exaggeration to make things or issues appear better or worse than

they actually are.

(Simon & Schuster, 2002)

Text

organization

Motorbikes are a nuisance and a cause

for great distress.

Even though

motorbikes are considered as the most

convenient form of transportation,

I

think

they are a hazard to humans,

animals as well as the environment. I

think motorbikes should be banned in

housing areas due to the following

reasons: cause of

amount

unreasonable

of noise, air pollution, diseases, and

accidents.

First of all,

I would like to point out that

motorbikes are major contributor to the

pollution in the world.

has

Research

shown that motorbikes

a deadly gas

emit

that is dangerous for environment.

Consequently,

long-term emission of gas

from motorbikes is a major contributor

of global warming (Science Daily).

Secondly,

according to a report from BBC

News Channel, motorbikes are also

responsible for causing diseases such as

bronchitis, cancer and are a major trigger

Introduction

Thesis

statement

Argument 1

+

elaboration

Argument 2

+

elaboration

Example of exposition text

Banning of motorbikes is necessary in

the housing areas.

Mental verbs

I think

I believe

Conjunctive

relations

First of all

Secondly

Causal

conjunctions

Consequently,

Generic

reference

Accidents

Language

Features

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of asthma and high blood pressure.

Some of the diseases are so ghastly that

they can kill people (BBC News, 2009).

Furthermore,

motorbikes create so

much noise. There is “

vroom vroom”

noise everywhere. It is

extremely

difficult

to sleep.

with infants

Parents

find it extremely

The

challenging.

moment their

fall asleep, one or

babies

other motorbike passes by and the baby

wakes up. It is also

for children

arduous

to concentrate on their homework.

Experts

are of opinion that if there is

extreme noise, it can lead to deafness

and lack of concentration in

and

children

adults (Fields, 1993).

Finally,

motorbikes are responsible for

horrible

In some cases there

accidents.

are deaths. Motorbike riders

go so fast

that they are unable to stop on time thus

they end up hitting other people or

animals. Many a times lot of animals are

trampled and found death on road.

Motorbikes are known to be the biggest

killers on road (Fields, 1993).

In conclusion,

from the arguments

above, I

that motorbikes

strongly believe

should be banned from housing areas.

Argument 3

+

elaboration

Argument 4

+

elaboration

Conclusion

Reiteration of

thesis

statement

Children

Parents

Expert opinion

Expert

research show

Present tense

Go fast

Are responsible

There is

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Word Power

Let’s Practice

A. The article given below is incomplete.

Complete it using the format of an exposition text and give it a suitable title.

Introduction (thesis statement)

Television is the most popular form of entertainment in every household in

Indonesia. However, I think watching too much television especially soap

operas and dramas can have negative impact on the viewers.

Argument 1 + Elaboration

Meaning

devastate

irrefutable

succumb

lifeline

disrupt

consequence

mutate

incurable

tackle

doom

Cause damage or destroy something

Not able to be proved wrong

To give in or stop resisting

Something that provides support

needed for success/survival

To interfere in the normal progress of

something

Something that happens because of

something

Change into something different

Impossible to cure

To take hold of

Bad events that cannot be avoided

\ˈde-və-ˌstāt\

\ir-i-ˈfyü-tə-bəl\

\sə-ˈkəm\

\ˈlīf-ˌlīn\

\dis-ˈrəpt\

\ˈmyü-ˌtāt\

\in-ˈkyu̇r-ə-bəl\

\ˈta-kəl\

\ˈdüm\

\ˈkɒnsɪkw(ə)ns\

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Argument 2 + Elaboration

Conclusion (restate thesis statement)

Active Conversation

Choose one of the topics given below:

A. Passive smoking is a silent killer.

B. Why is learning English Important?

State your argument or position on one of the above given issues and then

discuss with your partner. For the arguments, you can use some expressions like

this:

- I would like to remind you.....

- It is important for us to........

- I believe that....

- I am convinced that......

- Let me tell you.......

- Try to remember........

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Student B:

Student A:

Student B:

Student A:

Student B:

Student A:

Student B:

Student A:

You can use this example to start your conversation:

Student A: Do you know that passive smoking is more dangerous than active

smoking?

Student B: I know but I think it is not as dangerous as people say it is.

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B. Why is learning English important? State your argument or position on this

issue and then discuss with your partner. You can use this example to start

your conversation:

Student A: Learning English is important because it is a means of

communication with different people around the world.

Student B: I don't think it is important.

Student A: I do not agree with you............

Student B:

Student A:

Student B:

Student A:

Student B:

Student A:

Student B:

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Writing Connection

Write an analytical exposition text on any of the recent issues in the media. Give at

least two (2) arguments plus explanation to support your thesis statement. Follow

the format of exposition text given in building blocks.

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Choose one of the activities given below:

1. You have been chosen as the project officer for showcasing an exciting wildlife

art exhibition on fauna and flora of Indonesia. The purpose of this wildlife

showcase is to raise money to support conservation of nearly extinct animals in

Indonesia. You have to write an exposition text on conservation of animals and

use this exposition text as your speech for the opening of the event. You will also

make posters to depict the plight of innocent creatures that are killed or

captured by poachers.

2. Create a pamphlet to educate people in your school on “Dangers of drug abuse

and cigarette smoking.”

Make sure to put lot of pictures in your pamphlet.

Let’s Create/Contribute

Example of pamphlet

Picture 11.4 (Source: designstore.ir)

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Parent Connection

Talk about the exposition text you have written (in writing connection) with

your parents. Do they agree with your viewpoint? If they don't agree with

your viewpoint, write their viewpoint in English and share it in your class.

Picture 11.5 (Source: Kemendikbud)

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Bahasa Inggris

My plan to overcome difficulties of this chapter

The text was easy to

understand.

I know how to write an

exposition text.

I can create a pamphlet

I can write an exposition text.

I know the format of exposition

text.

Definitely

Maybe

No

Not at all

Yes

I can do this.

Complete these statements:

1. The most interesting thing I learned in this chapter was ........

2. The part I enjoyed most was ........

3. I would like to find more about ........

4. The hardest part in this chapter was ........

5. I need to work harder at ........

Read the statements below and tick ( ) the option that is most

applicable to you.

Formative Assessment

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MAN MADE

DISASTER

References:

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Book references:

Cohen, Robert. (2002).

Theatre brief version 6th edition,

university of California.

Damer, T. Edward (2008).

Attacking Faulty Reasoning: A Practical Guide to Fallacy-

free Arguments.

Cengage Learning.

Emi, Emillia. (2012).

Pendekatan Genre-Based dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris

:

Petunjuk untuk Guru. Bandung: Rizi Press, Indonesia.

E. Safra Jacob. (1998).

Short Story in e.a., The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th

edition

.

Chicago: Micropaedia volume 10.

Arrington, David P. (1993).

Understanding and Preventing Bullying. In : M.Tonry

(ed) Crime and Justice (volume 17). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Gerald J. Alred, et al. (2006).

Handbook of Technical Writing

. Bedford/St. Martin's.

Houston, Stephen D. (2004).

The First Writing: Script Invention as History

and Process

. Cambridge University Press.

Lee, Hermione. (2009).

Biography: A Very Short Introduction

, Oxford: University

Press

Mitchell, Larkin. (1999).

Earliest Egyptian Glyphs

.

Archaeology

.

Archaeological

Institute of America: Volume 52 Number 2, March/ April.

North. J. D. (1988).

Chaucer's Universe

. Oxford: Clarendon.

Oates Stephen B. (1986).

Biogrpahy as High Adventure

, university of

massachusetts press, Massachusetts.

Peter T, Daniels.(1996).

The Study of Writing Systems, in The World's Writing

Systems.

ed Bright and Daniels. Oxford University Press.

Reuters (2007).

Indonesia Losing Crops

, Fish Stocks to Global Warming, Planet Ark.

Rosinsky M, Natalie. (2008).

Write your own biography

. Minneapolis, USA:

Compass point books.

Richter, Charles F. (1935)

An instrumental Earthquake Magnitude scale

, Bulletin of

Seismological Society of America Vol. 25 No. 1

Simon & Schuster. (2002).

Handbook for Writers

. Ed. Lynn Quitman Troyka, , NJ:

Upper Saddle River , Prentice Hall.

Zakahi,Walter.(1988).

Communication Education

. West Virginia: Speech

Communication Press.

Craig Wendy, Fisch Harel .Yossi A. (2009).

Cross-National Profile Of Bullying And

Victimization Among Adolescents In 40 Countries

. International Journal of

Public Health Volume 54, Issue 2 Supplement, pp 216-224.

Bahasa Inggris

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Online references:

Decree of the President of the Republic of Indonesia

No. 305 of 1959, dated 28

November 1959.

how the palm oil industry is cooking the climate

. Greenpeace.org.

http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/

facts-on-bullying

.html/retrieved 31st

october 2013.

https://www2.bc.edu/~ebel/

Richter1935.pdf

/retrieved 7th november 2013.

http://indonotes.wordpress.com/tag/

ki-hajar-dewantara

/ retrieved on 25th

october 2013.

http://asrirahayudamai.wordpress.com/2013/04/24/

biografi-singkat-ki-hajar-

dewantara-bapak-pendidikan

/retrieved 25th october 2013.

http://www.tokohindonesia.com/biografi/article/295-pahlawan/1502-

bapak-

pendidikan-nasional

, retrieved on 25th October 2013.

http://www.asianewsnet.net/

news-34263.html

.

Joyce Ben, Busyteachers.org 2012.

Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK

Semester 2

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